The real power of the conceptual level stems from higher-level concepts, concepts that integrate or subdivide earlier concepts. It is these higher- level concepts that enable us to think. This course is based on Chapter 3 of Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology and on Ayn Rand's elaborations on the subject in the book's Appendix. In these classes, Dr. Binswanger expands the highly condensed treatment given in Chapter 3 and supplements the discussion with new ideas of his own. Emphasis is placed on the topics of hierarchy, reduction, cognitive content, the analytic-synthetic dichotomy, and Objectivismvs. Rationalism.