Art has always reflected the dominant philosophy of a culture. “Modern art,” quoting Ayn Rand, “is the most eloquent demonstration of the cultural bankruptcy of our age.” What made modern art possible? This lecture answers that question. It covers the gradual changes in style, as art moved from representational styles in the nineteenth century to the nonobjective in the twentieth. Using examples and practitioners’ statements, it shows the connection between modern art and modern philosophy’s assault on reality and consciousness, demonstrating that, whether art is being created or destroyed, it is philosophy that moves the painter’s brush and the sculptor’s chisel.