Most of the influential political philosophers of history––Plato, Hobbes, Machiavelli, Marx––held the view that man's nature is irrational and corrupt, requiring a dictatorial government to control him. The pro-freedom philosophers, such as Aristotle and Locke, believed in man's rational nature, but were unable to validate their belief––a validation that was not identified until Ayn Rand. What are the fundamentals of the anti-freedom philosophy? What are the fundamental principles that are lacking in the historical defenses of political freedom and that are provided by Ayn Rand? These are the questions this course answers.