These are the two new opening lectures of Dr. Peikoff's "Induction in Physics and Philosophy," a course he gave last summer in Palo Alto. After reviewing the course, Dr. Peikoff decided that a substantial amount of new material must be added at the beginning, in order to lay a proper base for the rest of the course. The result is this revised first lecture, which contains about 75 percent new material.

Topics include: the problem of induction; the reduction of higher-level generalizations to lower-level ones; grasping cause and effect by sense perception; how one omits measurements in reaching a generalization; why does an inductive conclusion follow necessarily from its premises? the real distinction between inductive and deductive inference.