Self-proclaimed socialist politicians have recently made a name for themselves in the United States—one even came close to securing the Democrats' nomination for the Presidency. So it is understandable that many now fear a new push for socialism in America. But how effective—and sincere—are the most vocal critics of socialism? What is the philosophical essence of socialism? What motivates people to adopt it, and what is the most effective way to combat it, in the U.S. or anywhere else?